Alchemical Hands in the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

Marginalia, Scholarship & Reception

Woodcuts of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

The 1499 Aldine first edition contains approximately 172 woodcut illustrations — the most ambitious visual program of any incunabulum. Their designer remains unidentified, though Benedetto Bordon is the most widely proposed candidate. The woodcuts integrate text and image with unprecedented sophistication, each composition calibrated to its surrounding typography. Images are from the 1499 first edition (University of Seville copy, via Internet Archive).

Showing 111 woodcuts · 111 with facsimile images

The Great Pyramid

The Great Pyramid

ARCHITECTURAL p.16

Full-page woodcut of a massive stepped pyramid topped by a tall obelisk surmounted by a figure. Colonnaded portico at th...

Figures with TEMPVS

Figures with TEMPVS

NARRATIVE p.24

Group of classical figures, one labeled TEMPVS (Time). Allegorical scene with personified abstractions.

Classical Figures in a Garden

Classical Figures in a Garden

NARRATIVE p.25

Group of figures in classical dress gathered in a garden or outdoor scene.

Monument with Female Figure, Lamp, and Trilingual Inscriptions

Monument with Female Figure, Lamp, and Trilingual Inscriptions

HIEROGLYPHIC p.30

Tall monument with standing female figure holding a lamp. Below: three tiers of inscriptions in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin...

Hieroglyphic Frieze

Hieroglyphic Frieze

HIEROGLYPHIC p.31

Two-register frieze with emblematic figures: chariots, winged beings, dolphins, anchors, vessels. Below: Latin majuscule...

Architectural Portal

Architectural Portal

ARCHITECTURAL p.38

Grand classical portal with pediment, columns, and medallion busts. Monumental entrance architecture.

Ruins of the Temple

Ruins of the Temple

ARCHITECTURAL p.45

Ruined classical temple with broken columns and fragments. Poliphilo contemplates ancient remains.

Emblematic Medallions (PATIENTIA / Anchor-Dolphin)

Emblematic Medallions (PATIENTIA / Anchor-Dolphin)

HIEROGLYPHIC p.59

Two circular medallion emblems. Top: PATIENTIA EST ORNAMENTVM CVSTO/DIA ET PROTECTIO VITAE. Bottom: anchor-and-dolphin w...

Sleeping Nymph

Sleeping Nymph

NARRATIVE p.63

A sleeping nymph reclining in a classical aedicule with water flowing from the stone. One of the HP's most copied compos...

Five Nymphs Meeting Poliphilo

Five Nymphs Meeting Poliphilo

NARRATIVE p.66

Five nymphs in classical dress approach Poliphilo in a garden. One extends a hand in greeting.

Cupid on a Sphere

Cupid on a Sphere

ARCHITECTURAL p.71

Winged putto (Cupid) standing on a sphere atop a fountain. Water arcs from the base.

Three Figures in Aedicule

Three Figures in Aedicule

ARCHITECTURAL p.75

Three figures in an architectural niche with pediment. Interior architectural scene.

The Great Fountain

The Great Fountain

ARCHITECTURAL p.80

Full-page woodcut of an elaborate tiered fountain. Three levels: sea-horses at base, grotesque masks and sphinxes at mid...

Queen Eleuterylida's Palace

Queen Eleuterylida's Palace

ARCHITECTURAL p.84

Interior of ornate palace hall with columned arcade. Seven compartments labeled with planetary names: MERCVRIVS, VENVS, ...

Palace Interior with Planetary Compartments

Palace Interior with Planetary Compartments

ARCHITECTURAL p.88

Detailed view of the planetary palace interior showing ornate facades with arabesque panels.

Court Scene with Queen Enthroned

Court Scene with Queen Enthroned

NARRATIVE p.90

Queen seated on throne under canopy, attended by courtiers and nymphs. Formal court reception scene.

Ornamental Tripod Table

Ornamental Tripod Table

DECORATIVE p.93

Ornate classical tripod with decorative scrollwork and dolphin-form legs.

Covered Vessel on Wheeled Chariot

Covered Vessel on Wheeled Chariot

DECORATIVE p.94

Small ornamental urn or covered vessel mounted on a wheeled chariot or cart.

Caryatid Figures Supporting Basin

Caryatid Figures Supporting Basin

ARCHITECTURAL p.95

Three female caryatid figures supporting a basin or table with harp-like decorative elements.

Nymph at Fountain Vessel

Nymph at Fountain Vessel

NARRATIVE p.105

Woman standing beside an elaborate fountain vessel on a wheeled platform.

Obelisk with Three Figures

Obelisk with Three Figures

ARCHITECTURAL p.119

Tall obelisk with three standing figures in niches at its base. Greek and Latin inscriptions. DIVINAE AENINITATI inscrip...

Seated Scholar at Monument

Seated Scholar at Monument

ARCHITECTURAL p.123

Seated figure at a desk or lectern within a classical architectural frame with pediment and columns.

Two Seated Figures at Pedestal with Medallion

Two Seated Figures at Pedestal with Medallion

NARRATIVE p.124

Two seated figures on either side of a pedestal, with a circular medallion portrait above. Classical architectural frame...

The Three Doors

The Three Doors

NARRATIVE p.125

Cave or grotto scene: figures before three inscribed doorways in a rocky mountainside. Inscriptions: THEODOXIA, COSMODOX...

Poliphilo at the Temple Entrance

Poliphilo at the Temple Entrance

NARRATIVE p.126

Group of figures approaching a small classical building or temple. Landscape with trees.

Nymphs and Figures Among Trees

Nymphs and Figures Among Trees

NARRATIVE p.129

Group of nymphs and figures standing among trees near a building or monument.

Nymphs Walking Through a Grove

Nymphs Walking Through a Grove

NARRATIVE p.130

Group of nymphs and a central figure walking through a grove of trees.

Garden with Pergola

Garden with Pergola

LANDSCAPE p.139

Two figures standing in a garden with an arched pergola and trees.

First Triumphal Chariot (PRIMA TABELLA)

First Triumphal Chariot (PRIMA TABELLA)

PROCESSION p.149

Two woodcut panels: PRIMA TABELLA showing a chariot with bulls and figures. Beginning of the triumphal procession sequen...

Second Triumphal Panel

Second Triumphal Panel

PROCESSION p.150

Two woodcut panels showing front and rear views of a triumphal chariot with classical figures.

Triumphal Chariot (TRIVMPHVS TERTIVS)

Triumphal Chariot (TRIVMPHVS TERTIVS)

PROCESSION p.151

Large triumphal chariot drawn by centaurs with nymphs and musicians.

Triumphal Chariot with Soldiers

Triumphal Chariot with Soldiers

PROCESSION p.152

Large triumphal chariot drawn by horses with soldiers, musicians, and banner-bearers.

Muses and Apollo Chariot

Muses and Apollo Chariot

PROCESSION p.153

Triumphal chariot with the Muses and Apollo, drawn by horses. Musical instruments and laurel wreaths visible.

TABELLA DEXTRA Panels

TABELLA DEXTRA Panels

PROCESSION p.154

Two stacked panel woodcuts: TABELLA DEXTRA showing figures at a doorway and TABELLA SINISTRA showing an outdoor scene.

PARS ANTERIOR ET POSTERIOR

PARS ANTERIOR ET POSTERIOR

PROCESSION p.155

Two-panel woodcut showing front and rear views of figures in processional arrangement.

TRIVMPHVS: Lovers' Chariot

TRIVMPHVS: Lovers' Chariot

PROCESSION p.156

Large triumphal chariot bearing reclining lovers embraced among garlands and putti. The emotional climax of the processi...

TABELLA DEXTRA (Second Set)

TABELLA DEXTRA (Second Set)

PROCESSION p.158

Two stacked panels showing processional scenes with figures at doorways and in landscapes.

PARS ANTERIOR ET POSTERIOR (Second)

PARS ANTERIOR ET POSTERIOR (Second)

PROCESSION p.159

Small woodcut showing front and rear views of processional figures.

TRIVMPHVS with Triple Panels

TRIVMPHVS with Triple Panels

PROCESSION p.160

Large chariot woodcut at top plus two TABELLA DEXTRA/SINISTRA panels below. Dense woodcut-text integration.

TERTIVS: Ox Procession

TERTIVS: Ox Procession

PROCESSION p.161

Two stacked panels showing a procession with oxen and figures carrying implements.

Nymphs Approaching Altar

Nymphs Approaching Altar

PROCESSION p.164

Procession of nymphs approaching an altar or sacrificial table with trees and architecture.

Festive Scene at Fountain

Festive Scene at Fountain

PROCESSION p.165

Festive scene with figures gathered around a fountain or basin in a garden setting.

Bacchic Triumphal Chariot

Bacchic Triumphal Chariot

PROCESSION p.166

Large Bacchic triumphal chariot with Maenads, Satyrs, and Dionysiac figures. The most explicitly pagan image in the proc...

QVARTVS: Feasting Chariot

QVARTVS: Feasting Chariot

PROCESSION p.167

Chariot with reclining figures feasting among garlands, fruit, and flowing drapery.

Worship of Priapus

Worship of Priapus

NARRATIVE p.185

Full-page woodcut: nineteen female and five male figures worshipping at a shrine of Priapus. Densely populated ritual sc...

Section and Ground-plan of Rotunda Temple

Section and Ground-plan of Rotunda Temple

DIAGRAM p.195

Full-page architectural diagram: cross-section and floor plan of the circular Temple of Venus Physizoa. Detailed measure...

Winged Female Half-figure Ornament

Winged Female Half-figure Ornament

DECORATIVE p.197

Nude winged female half-figure emerging from acanthus foliage. Decorative architectural element.

Globular Lamp Hung in Chains

Globular Lamp Hung in Chains

DECORATIVE p.198

Ornate spherical lamp suspended by chains. Detailed metalwork design.

Crowning of Lantern in Cupola

Crowning of Lantern in Cupola

DECORATIVE p.201

Architectural ornament: the lantern crowning the temple cupola, with bells and decorative finial.

Inscribed Tablets in Temple

Inscribed Tablets in Temple

HIEROGLYPHIC p.204

Two inscribed cartouches/tablets with Greek and Latin text. Hieroglyphic devices in the Temple of Venus.

Procession of Seven Virgins to Altar

Procession of Seven Virgins to Altar

NARRATIVE p.205

Seven virgins in procession approaching the altar in the Temple of Venus. Ritual scene with priestess.

Polia's Torch Extinguished in Altar-fountain

Polia's Torch Extinguished in Altar-fountain

NARRATIVE p.207

Ceremony scene: Polia extinguishes a torch in the fountain at the altar. Priestess and attendants present.

Temple Ceremony at Altar

Temple Ceremony at Altar

NARRATIVE p.208

Figures gathered around the altar in the Temple of Venus. Ritual scene under classical portico.

Two Virgins Offering Swans and Doves

Two Virgins Offering Swans and Doves

NARRATIVE p.210

Two virgins offering swans and doves for sacrifice at the temple altar. Priestess officiates.

The Altar in the Temple of Venus

The Altar in the Temple of Venus

ARCHITECTURAL p.212

Detailed view of the altar/vessel on its pedestal in the Temple of Venus.

Temple Ceremony: Miracle of the Roses

Temple Ceremony: Miracle of the Roses

NARRATIVE p.213

Ceremony scene in the temple. Figures gathered around altar as roses appear.

Poliphilus and Polia Receive Fruits

Poliphilus and Polia Receive Fruits

NARRATIVE p.221

Poliphilus and Polia receive fruits from the priestess at the altar. Completion of the temple ceremony.

Obelisk with Hieroglyphic Devices

Obelisk with Hieroglyphic Devices

HIEROGLYPHIC p.233

Obelisk with hieroglyphic inscriptions plus circular medallion with Latin text. Two woodcuts on one page.

Hieroglyphic Devices and Julius Caesar Medallion

Hieroglyphic Devices and Julius Caesar Medallion

HIEROGLYPHIC p.234

Strip of hieroglyphic emblems (torch, temple, scales, helmet, caduceus) with inscription DIVO IVLIO CAESARI SEMP. AVG. B...

Two Hieroglyphic Medallion Reliefs

Two Hieroglyphic Medallion Reliefs

HIEROGLYPHIC p.235

Two circular medallions with figural scenes and Latin inscriptions: MILITARIS PRVDENTIA and DIVVLII VICTORIAR.

Polyandrion Architrave Fragment

Polyandrion Architrave Fragment

ARCHITECTURAL p.236

Architrave fragment with inscription CADAVERIS AMORE FVRENTIVM MISERABVNDIS POLYANDRION.

Cupola Above Entrance to the Crypt

Cupola Above Entrance to the Crypt

ARCHITECTURAL p.237

Domed cupola structure with columns marking the entrance to the underground crypt.

Sarcophagus: Interno Plotoni

Sarcophagus: Interno Plotoni

ARCHITECTURAL p.238

Sarcophagus with inscription INTERNO PLOTONI TRICORPORI. Classical funerary monument.

Mosaic of Hell on Crypt Ceiling

Mosaic of Hell on Crypt Ceiling

NARRATIVE p.241

Large arched scene: mosaic depicting Hell on the ceiling of the crypt. Figures in torment among flames and darkness.

Sepulchral Monument: D.M. Annirae

Sepulchral Monument: D.M. Annirae

ARCHITECTURAL p.243

Architectural monument with urn and inscription D.M. ANNIRAE PVCILLAE. Cherub faces on pedestal.

Sacrifice Relief: HAVE SERIA ORINTVM

Sacrifice Relief: HAVE SERIA ORINTVM

NARRATIVE p.245

Relief panel depicting figures in a sacrifice scene: old man, youth, faun, and dancers. Inscription reads HAVE SERIA ORI...

Epitaph Fragments with Urn

Epitaph Fragments with Urn

ARCHITECTURAL p.247

Two epitaph fragments on one page: HEVS INSPECTO FACIO inscription and Greek inscription urn.

Epitaphs: Greek Urn and D.M. Lyndia

Epitaphs: Greek Urn and D.M. Lyndia

ARCHITECTURAL p.250

Two woodcuts: sepulchral urn with Greek inscription AND tombstone with epitaph D.M. LYNDIA.

Sarcophagus: P. Cornelia Annia

Sarcophagus: P. Cornelia Annia

ARCHITECTURAL p.251

Elaborate sarcophagus with inscription D.M. P.CORNELIA ANNIA NE INDESOLATA. Tiled roof detail.

Sarcophagus with Hieroglyphic Devices

Sarcophagus with Hieroglyphic Devices

HIEROGLYPHIC p.252

Sarcophagus decorated with hieroglyphic symbols and devices.

Sepulchral Monument with Laurel Wreath

Sepulchral Monument with Laurel Wreath

ARCHITECTURAL p.254

Large sepulchral monument crowned with laurel wreath. Elaborate Renaissance architectural frame.

Sepulchral Monument with Putti

Sepulchral Monument with Putti

ARCHITECTURAL p.258

Elaborate sepulchral monument with two putti holding curtain. Arched niche with figure. Relief panels below.

Sepulchral Portal: Gates of Life and Death

Sepulchral Portal: Gates of Life and Death

ARCHITECTURAL p.260

Full-page monument: architectural portal with eagle pediment, inscription D.DITI ET PROSER. Two gates below.

Standard of Cupid's Bark

Standard of Cupid's Bark

DECORATIVE p.275

Decorative banner/standard with AMOR VINCIT OMNIA inscription, plus ornamental initial below.

The Bark of the God of Love

The Bark of the God of Love

NARRATIVE p.281

Small boat on waves with ornamental prow and stern. Cupid's vessel for the voyage to Cythera.

Tree Clipped in Ring-shape

Tree Clipped in Ring-shape

DECORATIVE p.295

Topiary: tree shaped into a ring or circular form on ornamental base with pedestal.

Box-tree Clipped as Mushroom

Box-tree Clipped as Mushroom

DECORATIVE p.297

Topiary: box-tree clipped into mushroom shape on stepped circular pedestal.

Peristyle Colonnade with Trellis

Peristyle Colonnade with Trellis

ARCHITECTURAL p.298

Classical peristyle structure with trellis and garden setting. Columns support an ornamental roof.

Plan of the Island of Venus

Plan of the Island of Venus

DIAGRAM p.301

Full-page diagram: circular plan of Venus's island showing concentric garden zones and central temple.

Ornamental Flower-bed Pattern (Circular)

Ornamental Flower-bed Pattern (Circular)

DECORATIVE p.309

Circular ornamental flower-bed design with concentric rings of geometric patterns.

Ornamental Flower-bed Pattern (Square)

Ornamental Flower-bed Pattern (Square)

DECORATIVE p.311

Square flower-bed design with geometric interlocking patterns and border elements.

Flower-bed in Shape of Eagle

Flower-bed in Shape of Eagle

DECORATIVE p.313

Flower-bed pattern shaped as an eagle with spread wings, inscribed within a rectangular border.

Two Trophy Standards

Two Trophy Standards

DECORATIVE p.317

Two vertical trophy standards side by side: Roman arms trophies with ornamental designs.

Trophy Standards with NEMO Tablet

Trophy Standards with NEMO Tablet

DECORATIVE p.319

Two more trophy standards with tablets inscribed NEMO and ornamental winged designs.

Trophy: Laurel Wreath with Cupid

Trophy: Laurel Wreath with Cupid

DECORATIVE p.321

Trophy standard bearing a laurel wreath with a small Cupid figure and tablet inscribed 'Gained by spear'.

Superb Nymph Figure with Javelin

Superb Nymph Figure with Javelin

PORTRAIT p.327

Full-length portrait of a beautiful nymph holding a javelin, standing in a classical pose.

Earthenware Amphora with Fumes

Earthenware Amphora with Fumes

DECORATIVE p.330

Amphora with odoriferous fumes emerging from orifice. Greek inscription PANTA BAIA BIOY.

Precious Stone Vase with Fiery Sparks

Precious Stone Vase with Fiery Sparks

DECORATIVE p.331

Small ornate vase of precious stone emitting fiery sparks or fumes. Detailed metalwork.

Terminal Figure with Three Male Heads

Terminal Figure with Three Male Heads

DECORATIVE p.334

Classical herm/terminal figure on pedestal. Three male heads facing different directions. Decorative garden element.

Triumph of Cupid

Triumph of Cupid

PROCESSION p.337

Large procession: nymphs, satyrs, dragons, and captives in Cupid's triumphal procession.

Column Base with Rams' Heads

Column Base with Rams' Heads

DECORATIVE p.339

Architectural detail: column base with rams' heads and sacrifice medallion relief.

The Amphitheatre in Island of Venus

The Amphitheatre in Island of Venus

ARCHITECTURAL p.341

Large architectural section: amphitheater structure with tiered seating, arches, and columns.

Ground-plan of Fountain of Venus

Ground-plan of Fountain of Venus

DIAGRAM p.349

Geometric diagram: heptagonal/octagonal ground-plan of the fountain of Venus. Detailed measurements.

Fountain of Venus: Sarcophagus of Adonis

Fountain of Venus: Sarcophagus of Adonis

ARCHITECTURAL p.363

Garden scene with the Fountain of Venus. Water flows from the sarcophagus of Adonis through a trellis garden with a serp...

Poliphilus and Polia at Fountain of Venus

Poliphilus and Polia at Fountain of Venus

NARRATIVE p.365

Garden scene: Poliphilus and Polia with nymphs at the Fountain of Venus, trellis and columns visible.

Polia in Temple of Diana; Poliphilus Prostrate

Polia in Temple of Diana; Poliphilus Prostrate

NARRATIVE p.387

Temple interior: Poliphilus lies prostrate on the floor while Polia stands in the Temple of Diana.

Polia Drags Prostrate Poliphilus from Sanctuary

Polia Drags Prostrate Poliphilus from Sanctuary

NARRATIVE p.389

Polia drags the unconscious body of Poliphilus away from the temple sanctuary. Interior architectural setting.

Lion, Dog, Dragon Devour Victims

Lion, Dog, Dragon Devour Victims

NARRATIVE p.391

Woodland scene: lion, dog, and dragon devour victims while Cupid flies above with torch and arrows.

Cupid Brandishes Sword over Victims

Cupid Brandishes Sword over Victims

NARRATIVE p.392

Cupid brandishes a sword over kneeling women bound to trees. Chariot visible at right.

Dream of Polia: Cupid Punishes Two Women

Dream of Polia: Cupid Punishes Two Women

NARRATIVE p.393

Two women punished by Cupid in a woodland setting. Figures tied to trees with beasts approaching.

Poliphilus Dead; Polia Kneels in Grief

Poliphilus Dead; Polia Kneels in Grief

NARRATIVE p.411

Interior scene: Poliphilus lies dead on tiled floor while Polia kneels beside him in grief.

Poliphilus Revived in Polia's Lap

Poliphilus Revived in Polia's Lap

NARRATIVE p.412

Interior scene: Polia cradles the revived Poliphilus in her lap. The lovers embrace on tiled floor.

Priestesses Drive Lovers from Temple

Priestesses Drive Lovers from Temple

NARRATIVE p.413

Figures being driven from a classical temple entrance. Priestesses expel the lovers from Diana's sanctuary.

Polia's Bed-chamber Vision

Polia's Bed-chamber Vision

NARRATIVE p.415

Two-scene woodcut: landscape with figures above, Polia in bed-chamber below. Diana vs Venus contest in sky.

Polia Kneels Before Venus Priestess

Polia Kneels Before Venus Priestess

NARRATIVE p.419

Temple scene: Polia kneels before the Venus priestess with Poliphilus beside her. Altar with flame visible.

Enamoured Couple Before Priestess

Enamoured Couple Before Priestess

NARRATIVE p.421

Interior scene with columns: the couple kneels before the enthroned priestess at altar.

Priestess Enthroned; Lovers Kissing

Priestess Enthroned; Lovers Kissing

NARRATIVE p.425

Interior scene: priestess enthroned above while the lovers kiss in her presence. Witnesses at sides.

Poliphilus Writing at Carved Desk

Poliphilus Writing at Carved Desk

NARRATIVE p.433

Interior scene: Poliphilus seated at an ornately carved desk, writing. Bookshelves and architectural details.

Polia Reading Letter in Bed-chamber

Polia Reading Letter in Bed-chamber

NARRATIVE p.435

Interior scene: Polia reads Poliphilus's letter while seated in her bed-chamber. Small dog at feet.

Poliphilus Before Venus in Clouds

Poliphilus Before Venus in Clouds

NARRATIVE p.447

Poliphilus before Venus enthroned on clouds. Cupid at left, figure at right. Divine epiphany scene.

Cupid Shoots Arrow at Bust of Polia

Cupid Shoots Arrow at Bust of Polia

NARRATIVE p.448

Cupid with bow shoots arrow at bust/figure. Venus seated on clouds at right. The very last woodcut in the HP.