Albertus Magnus (ca. 1193–1280): Medieval Natural Philosophy and the Legitimation of Magicca. 1193–1280
Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980–1037): Islamic Natural Philosophy and the Hidden Properties of Nature980–1037
Giovan Battista Della Porta (1535–1615): Natural Magic, Cryptography, and Renaissance Erudition1535–1615